The citation is generally placed after the relevant quote or paraphrase, or at the end of the sentence, before the full stop: The results of this method have been described as ‘frequently unreliable’ (Jones et al., 2016, p.
When you you haven’t mentioned the author’s name in your sentence, include it inside the brackets. Naming the author directly in your sentence is the best approach when you want to critique or comment on the source. 155) argue that the results of this method are ‘frequently unreliable’. When you name the author in the sentence itself, the year and (if relevant) page number are typically given in brackets straight after the name: Jones et al. When incorporating citations into your text, you can either name the author directly in the text or only include the author’s name in brackets. If you are summarising the general argument of a source or paraphrasing ideas that recur throughout the text, no page number is needed. 12–14) makes an argument for the efficacy of the technique. Meanwhile, another commentator asserts that the economy is ‘on the downturn’ (Singh, 2015, p.Use ‘p.’ for a single page and ‘pp.’ for a page range: When you quote directly from a source or paraphrase a specific passage, your in-text citation must include a page number to specify where the relevant passage is located. Frequently asked questions about Harvard in-text citations.Citing sources with missing information.Where to place Harvard in-text citations.
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